Improved antibacterial performance against <i>E. Coli</i> using bio-nanocomposite film based on iota carrageenan-carboxymethyl cellulose-collagen doped carbon nanofibers/cinnamon

This research created antibacterial hybrid papers that are composed of iota carrageenan (Iota), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), as well as collagen (Coll), with the addition of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and cinnamon (Cinn) extract as the means of antimicrobial substance. The fabricated composite films were giving the Iota/CMC/Coll/Cinn/CNFs a-d abbreviations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterizing these films. The crystallinity of films was increased by CNFs, according to XRD analysis. SEM and TEM images showed that CNFs were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. Carbon, oxygen, and some trace elements from cinnamon extract were verified to exist in composite films through EDX examination. TGA measures demonstrated that the thermal stability of films was improved by CNFs addition. XRD results indicated that there were no significant differences between each sample’s diffraction peaks, while it illustrates an increase in intensity only when compared with those without any treatment at all against E. Coli using the disk diffusion method. The control film had the smallest inhibition zone among them, but larger ones could be observed from other samples where both CNFs and cinnamon extracts have been added into this material, especially if a larger amount is put into it. Thus, we can say that there is a synergistic effect between these two components, which could be used not only for food packaging but also for medical purposes requiring antibacterial activity.