Development of Biogenically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Topical Hydrogel from Two Curcuma Species and Evaluation of theirIn vivo Wound Healing Activity

Introduction: Curcuma species such as Curcuma caesia and Curcuma amada, though investigated to a lesser extent, have been traditionally used for medicinal purposes of wound healing. This study focuses on developing a hydrogel incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Curcuma caesia and Curcuma amada for wound healing. Methods: The green synthesis method was used to fabricate AgNPs from these Curcuma species extracts, and characterization was done, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurements, and SEM-EDX analysis, which provided insights into the properties and structure of the synthesized AgNPs. Their antioxidant potential was established through DPPH radical scavenging assay. Formulation and evaluation of hydrogels incorporated with these AgNPs was done along with an in vitro release study, in vivo skin irritation and wound healing efficacy. Results: AgNPs synthesized from showed particle size, PDI, zeta potential of 140.73 nm, 27.3%, -31.2 mV and 103.09 nm, 27.3%, -34.7 mV respectively for C. caesia and C. amada. DPPH radical scavenging assay IC50 for C. caesia and C. amada was found to be 2.14 μg/ml and 3.77 μg/ml respectively. Both hydrogels showed slow release of AgNPs. C. caesia and C. amada synthesised AgNPs loaded gel showed 83±1% and 81±1% wound contraction rate. Discussion: Characterization techniques confirmed the preparation of silver nanoparticles from the rhizome extracts of Curcuma caesia and Curcuma amada. DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated its superior antioxidant activity compared to the extracts. Formulation and evaluation of these AgNPs incorporated hydrogels exhibited promising physical properties, pH compatibility with skin, desirable viscosity, and controlled release behavior in in vitro studies. In vivo studies showed no adverse skin reactions upon hydrogel application. Furthermore, the AgNPloaded hydrogels demonstrated accelerated wound healing in an excision wound model, significantly enhancing wound contraction rates compared to control groups. Histopathological analysis confirmed improved wound closure and tissue regeneration. conclusion: Hydrogel loaded with AgNPS synthesized from both Curcuma species showcased significant wound healing potential as therapeutic agent. Conclusion: Hydrogel loaded with AgNPs synthesized from both Curcuma species showcased significant wound healing potential in comparison to the marketed formulation, and further molecular studies and clinical studies can be performed to establish it as a potent therapeutic agent for wound healing.