Different dimensional DNA nanostructures in receptor aggregation and cancer cell behavior modulation

Cell membrane receptors are pivotal in intracellular and extracellular communication, regulating various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and migration. Thus, modulating these receptors offers a promising strategy to control cell functions and behaviors. DNA nanostructures, with their excellent biocompatibility, precise sequence design, and programmable structural changes, have emerged as powerful tools in biomedical applications. This review explores the regulation of cell receptors by DNA nanostructures, classified into four binding modes, i.e., “point”, “line”, “plane”, and “network”, and examines their roles in cell migration, apoptosis, and immunoregulation, among others, with the aim of highlighting the potential of these nanostructures in advancing therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment. We highlight the potential of these nanostructures in advancing cancer therapeutics through precise receptor aggregation. Challenges such as in vivo stability and specificity are addressed, with future directions focusing on multifunctional dynamic tools and AI-assisted design systems. • This review centered on the latest progress in the regulation of cell-membrane surface receptor aggregation induced by DNA nanostructures. • The DNA nanostructures were categorized into four distinct regulatory modes: “point”, “line”, “plane”, and “network”. • Mechanisms of DNA nanostructures inducing receptor aggregation were elucidated. • Applications in cancer therapy via receptor aggregation are summarized. • Challenges and future prospects in biomedical applications are addressed.