Paraffin-Olefin Content Analysis and Potential Solutions of Tar from Municipal Solid Waste Gasification Process in Indonesia

The main drawback of gasification technology is the production of tar (byproducts). If not properly managed, tar formation can affect syngas gasification and potentially pollute the environment. The focus of this study was to detect paraffin-olefin content and propose mitigation strategies for tar. Compositional analysis was conducted using GC–MS, FT-IR, and XRF on tar samples extracted using different solvents. The findings indicated that the characterization of tar revealed the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds belonging to the alkane and alkene groups. GC–MS analysis of solvent extracts showed paraffinolefin contents of 65.98% (n-heptane), 64.80 wt% (n-hexane), and 22.96% (ethyl acetate), calculated from GC–MS peak area percentages. FT-IR spectra confirmed the C–H stretching of –CH₃/–CH₂– groups (paraffin indicators) and C=C stretching (olefin indicators). Nonpolar solvents were more effective in extracting paraffinic and olefinic fractions. Compared with coal and biomass tar studies, this study uniquely targeted MSW-derived tar and its direct potential as a paraffin-olefin feedstock. Tar exhibits potential as a raw material for paraffin-olefins, which are widely used in the wax, lubricant, asphalt, and fuel industries. The method of converting tar into alternative materials depends on the desired application of tar derivatives and economic feasibility. This research contributes to SDG 7 (affordable clean energy) through the potential of tar and SDG 12 (responsible production) through the clean production of gasification waste.