Investigation of the Therapeutic Effects of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation on Alzheimer's Disease Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder lacking reliable noninvasive indicators for early diagnosis. Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) has emerged as a noninvasive neuromodulation approach, yet its effects on AD-related pathology and eye-brain interactions remain unclear. In this study, TES was applied to wild-type (WT) and AD mice, followed by longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging of the retina and cerebral cortex over a 30-day period. Quantitative imaging metrics, together with histologically assessed amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition, were used to assess TES-associated structural and neurovascular changes. In addition to retinal thickness, retinal vascular density (VD) was evaluated as an objective, noninvasive imaging metric associated with AD-related neurovascular alterations. These findings demonstrate the utility of longitudinal OCT/OCTA imaging for investigating intervention-associated retinal and cerebral neurovascular changes along the eye-brain axis.