Biomass-Derived Biogas, Biochar and Bio-oil: Modification & Upgrading for Industrial Applications

Abstract The world’s energy needs are growing exponentially due to population growth. Both the environment and the world economy are being significantly impacted by the current pattern of energy usage. Research into biomass conversion methods which can produce value-added products has increased due to the global demand for carbon-neutral materials and sustainable energy. In this review article, recent developments in the upgrading and modification of the biomass-derived products for industrial use are reviewed and analysed. Methane upgrading, which is basically carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide removal, as well as catalytic activity are the main goals of biogas upgrading to create syngas which is appropriate for chemical synthesis and fuel cells. This study highlights the integration of thermochemical processes with circular bioeconomy principles to maximize energy recovery and lower carbon emissions. The review also investigates that specific upgrading and modification techniques can greatly increase the industrial potential of products derived from biomass, aiding in the shift to greener and more sustainable energy sources.