Controlling Stereoselectivity: Conventional and Modern Approaches in Chiral Chemistry

Abstract: This review comprehensively explores chiral-catalysed organic reactions, focusing on factors influencing the formation of stereoselective products. This topic holds significant importance in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemical synthesis, where different enantiomers often exhibit distinct biological and functional properties. Key aspects addressed in this review include conventional approaches for separating racemic mixtures and recent advances in controlling stereoselectivity. The article highlights factors influencing enantioselectivity, including ligand design, reaction conditions (temperature, solvent effects), and substrate specificity. Emerging trends, such as asymmetric synthesis and the development of stereocontrolled catalytic systems, are evaluated for their potential to address existing gaps. The article provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and emerging trends in achieving high stereoselectivity, offering insights for future research in chiral catalysis. The review also includes illustrative examples, such as chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysts, and transition-metal complexes, to enhance its informational depth.