Clinical Value of Fluorescent Lymphography with Indocyanine Green During Robotic Surgery for Gastric Cancer in Guided Lymph Node Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Robotic gastrectomy is increasingly used in the surgical management of gastric cancer. Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence imaging has emerged as a technique that enables real-time visualization of lymphatic drainage pathways, potentially facilitating more precise and individualized lymph node dissection. However, the clinical value of ICG-guided fluorescent lymphography during robotic gastrectomy remains incompletely established. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 31 January 2026 for comparative studies evaluating ICG-guided fluorescent lymphography versus standard robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.4.2) and the meta package. Results: Six studies, including 406 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Use of ICG was associated with a higher number of retrieved lymph nodes (mean difference [MD] 8.48; 95% CI 4.61–12.36; p = 0.001; I2 = 55.5%). Operative time was modestly shorter in the ICG group (MD −10.84 min; 95% CI −21.08 to −0.61; p = 0.038). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss (MD −4.02 mL; p = 0.289), length of hospital stay (MD −0.82 days; p = 0.131), or postoperative complications (odds ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.46–1.49; p = 0.534). Conclusions: ICG-guided fluorescence imaging during robotic gastrectomy is associated with increased lymph node retrieval and a small reduction in operative time without evidence of increased perioperative morbidity. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and to evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes.