The Emerging Role of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-Based Medications in the Treatment of Heart Failure, with a Focus on Heart Failure with Preserved or Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based medications have been extensively studied for the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. More recently, their potential role in preventing and treating heart failure has gained increasing attention. Given the strong pathophysiological links among diabetes, obesity, and heart failure, GLP-1-based medications represent a promising therapeutic option to improve morbidity and mortality across these interconnected conditions. In this review, we summarise and discuss recent studies involving GLP-1-based medications that have reported on HF-related outcomes. There is increasing evidence that these medications have beneficial effects on HF outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and possibly in those with mildly reduced ejection fraction. The usefulness of GLP-1-based medications in reduced ejection fraction HF remains to be defined.