Development of Plant-derived Extracellular Vesicle-based Therapeutic Systems

, a clinically used liposomal formulation of doxorubicin, inducing apoptosis in colon26 cells and suppressing peritoneal dissemination in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of rbNPs as sustainable nanomedicines with therapeutic activity and environmental value. In conclusion, pdNPs, particularly cNPs and rbNPs, are cost-effective, safe, and sustainable biomaterials with great potential for advancing cancer therapy, vaccine development, and drug delivery systems.