Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Although secondary bladder tumors from distant metastases are rare, those originating from hepatocellular carcinoma are particularly uncommon, with only a few cases reported to date. Case Presentation: An 81 year old male with hepatocellular carcinoma developed a rapidly growing 23 mm-sized bladder tumor during systemic therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Cystoscopy revealed a pedunculated, nonpapillary tumor on the posterior wall of the bladder, and transurethral resection was urgently performed due to bleeding. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed bladder metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Although rare, rapidly enlarging bladder tumors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered as possible metastatic lesions in the differential diagnosis.