Exploring the Research Progress of Vascular Dementia and Key Regulatory Molecules: E2F1

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a type of dementia caused by cerebrovascular factors, which can arise from both ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. The incidence rate of VaD is second only to Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Currently, there are no effective drugs specifically targeting VaD, making the discovery of new therapeutic targets of great significance. This article provides an overview of the research progress on VaD, with a focus on elucidating its pathogenesis, aiming to identify targets that play a regulatory role in the mechanism. Finally, our attention is drawn to the transcription factor E2F1. Through research, it has been found that E2F1 is involved in biological processes such as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis and plays a certain role in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic encephalopathy. It also participates in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, suggesting that E2F1 is a key regulatory molecule for VaD and may become a potential pharmacological therapeutic target, which warrants further in-depth research.