Ductal epithelial MXD3 promotes disease progression in acute pancreatitis through Wnt/β-catenin-mediated inflammation and injury

Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory disease where epithelial injury and dysregulated repair are central to pathogenesis, yet the underlying transcriptional mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods This study employed an integrated approach to identify and characterize the transcription factor MXD3 as a master regulator of AP progression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in a ceruleininduced rat AP model, we delineated a pathogenic epithelial trajectory from ciliated through non-ciliated to a proliferative state, with MXD3 emerging as the most significantly upregulated transcription factor in the proliferative cluster. Subsequent validation in pancreatic ductal epithelial-specific MXD3 knockout rats revealed profound protection against AP, manifesting as reduced histological damage, diminished fibrosis, attenuated neutrophil infiltration (MPO+ cells), and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Results Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MXD3 directly activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as evidenced by increased non-phospho β-catenin, its nuclear accumulation, and transcriptional upregulation of canonical targets (cMyc, Cyclin D1, Axin2). Furthermore, functional rescue experiments confirmed the pathway’s necessity, wherein the β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 substantially reversed MXD3-driven apoptosis, necrosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1) in vitro . Conclusions Our findings establish a novel MXD3- Wnt/β-catenin axis as a crucial mechanism governing epithelial pathology in AP, revealing MXD3 as a promising therapeutic target for this debilitating condition.