Immunologic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma: Synergistic Stimulation with T cells and NK cells

Bone marrow plasma cells proliferate malignantly in multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological cancer.MM is now the second most common hematologic illness, followed by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in MM development.T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells are the key anti-MM immune cells in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME).By direct contact or cytokine production, these cells prevent MM cells from proliferation and survival.However, a major factor contributing to the insufficiency of anti-tumor immune responses is the inhibition of T cells and NK cells functions.We aimed to summarize the mechanisms of T cells and NK cells suppression in MM and discuss emerging immunotherapies that target both cell types