An integrated RNA-centric imaging and omics approach reveals distinct properties and composition of neuronal RNA granules

granules showed delayed, transient recruitment, consistent with their respective roles in structural and activity-dependent plasticity. Proximity labeling reveals that these granules are distinct in their mRNA composition, despite sharing core RNA-binding proteins, suggesting that shared cis-regulatory elements within mRNA 3'UTR regions drive selective co-packaging of mRNAs into unique granules. Together, these findings demonstrate that neuronal mRNAs are differentially sorted into molecularly and functionally distinct granules, providing a framework for understanding how precise spatio-temporal control of mRNA localization and translation is achieved across complex neuronal arbors.