IFLA Library Reference Model and Schema.org for Semantic Enrichment of Library Catalogs

Libraries are widely recognized for providing relevant and reliable information through digital catalogs. However, the traditional formats used in cataloging do not support effective data sharing on the web. To address current informational demands and expand access, the modernization of catalogs is essential. This article proposes a theoretical alignment between the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) and Schema.org. Specifically, it establishes a crosswalk mapping attributes from IFLA LRM entities (Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item) to Schema.org’s CreativeWork properties, aiming to support the semantic enrichment of library catalogs. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory approach, using the crosswalk technique to map attributes of IFLA LRM entities (Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item) to Schema.org CreativeWork properties. The Library Reference Model provides a strong foundation for bibliographic data modeling, enabling alignment with metadata standards and semantic vocabularies. However, the entities and attributes of IFLA LRM are not fully compatible with the types and properties defined in Schema.org, as the models serve different purposes. Even so, both IFLA LRM and Schema.org offer flexible data structures that allow for adaptation. This study addresses a gap in the literature on interoperability between IFLA LRM and Schema.org and offers insights into their potential alignment for the semantic enrichment of library catalogs. Aligning these models may promote greater openness and interoperability with web search engines, thereby enhancing user experience and increasing interaction with and exploration of library catalogs.