Protein Supplementation and its Impact on the Body and Health of Athletes, Bodybuilders and Patients

Background. Protein supplementation and high protein diets are widely used in sports and clinical nutrition to improve muscle mass, recovery and body composition. However, their systemic effects remain debated and depend on protein source, intake level and individual health status. Aim. The aim of this study was to review current evidence on the effects of protein supplementation and high protein intake on different physiological systems. Material and Methods. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2017 and 2026 were included. Results. Protein intake supports increases in muscle strength, fat free mass, recovery and body composition. It does not appear to negatively affect bone health or kidney function in healthy individuals, although effects may depend on context. Conclusions: Protein intake within recommended ranges appears safe and beneficial, but its effects depend on multiple factors and require further long term research.