Arginine in Preventive Dentistry: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives

Arginine, becoming a promising biomimetic agent in preventive dentistry, is uniquely positioned to modulate plaque biochemistry and enhance resilience on tooth surfaces. Extensive in-vitro, in situ, and clinical evidence demonstrates that arginine can elevate plaque pH, influence microbial ecology, and promote remineralisation, thereby allowing it to distinguish between active, caries prone biofilms and healthier plaque environments. Research across enamel, dentin, and root surfaces indicates that argininefluoride formulations enhance mineral gain, strengthen enamel structure, and slow lesion progression. At the same time, clinical trials consistently report meaningful reductions in dentin hypersensitivity due to rapid tubule occlusion. Beyond biochemical mechanisms, arginine promotes favourable shifts in oral microbiota via enhancement of arginine deiminase activity and suppression of acidogenic species such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Continuing developments in formulation chemistry and the incorporation of calcium rich carriers continue to expand its potential as a therapeutic ingredient in both dentifrices and professional care products. In the present review, arginine has been considered a valued adjunct to modern preventive dentistry, with established benefits in caries control, remineralisation, and the management of hypersensitivity. Nonetheless, further long-term large-scale clinical research needs to be conducted with a view to establishing standardised concentrations, optimally delivering systems, and validating completely its role alongside conventional fluoride-based strategies.