MADHUMEHA AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL CORRELATES, AND INTEGRATIVE PREVENTIVE PERSPECTIVES FROM AYURVEDA AND CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is among the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases globally and is associated with substantial cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and metabolic morbidity. Ayurveda describes a clinically comparable disorder under Prameha, particularly Madhumeha, characterized by excessive urination, debility, altered metabolism, and progressive tissue dysfunction. This narrative review synthesizes classical Ayurvedic literature and contemporary biomedical evidence to examine the parallels between Madhumeha and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Classical Nidana such as excessive sweet and heavy diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and hereditary tendency closely resemble established modern risk factors. Lakshana including polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, burning sensation, and delayed healing show marked clinical overlap with diabetic manifestations. Ayurvedic concepts such as Agnimandya, Kapha-Meda Vriddhi, Kleda accumulation, and Srotodushti may be interpreted as conceptual correlates of insulin resistance, adiposity, inflammatory stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Integrating Ayurvedic risk profiling with contemporary preventive medicine may improve early screening, personalized care, and long-term disease control. This review supports the continued relevance of classical Ayurvedic frameworks in the era of global diabetes.[1,6]