Ubiquitous Virtual Cognitive Practice Mode in Engineering Management Utilizing Web Map Panoramas: Application and Effectiveness Analysis

Traditional cognitive practices in the Engineering Management Major (EMM) are often constrained by safety risks, high costs, and geographical limitations. This study proposes a novel Virtual Cognitive Practice (VCP) mode that integrates ubiquitous learning (U-learning) with web-based panoramic maps to overcome these challenges. We developed a VCP system leveraging panoramic data of roads, bridges, and tunnels from commercial web mapping platforms to provide high-fidelity, interactive observation environments. To evaluate its effectiveness, 147 undergraduate students participated in a virtual practice course and subsequently completed a structured questionnaire. The results demonstrate that the accuracy on objective knowledge tests exceeded 80%, alongside a high mean score of 4.27/5 for visualization satisfaction. Statistical analysis using Chi-square tests indicates that students with prior on-site experience are significantly more confident in the VCP mode’s potential as a pedagogical alternative. This research bridges the technical gap in EMM practical education by providing a flexible, ubiquitous learning ecosystem.