Restoration of the Korringa Relation in Disordered Liquid Systems via Transverse Relaxation (T2)

This study resolves the apparent breakdown of the Korringa relation in disordered liquid metals by investigating Ga-based alloys (EGaIn and Galinstan). By integrating temperature-dependent Knight shifts (K) with longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation measurements, we demonstrate that deviations from classical behavior arise from neglecting transverse spin dephasing induced by structural and electronic disorder. While solid-state alloys follow the conventional Korringa law, the liquid phase exhibits significant discrepancies between T1 and T2 due to enhanced electron scattering and fluctuating hyperfine fields. By explicitly incorporating T2 into a modified framework, the proportionality between the Knight shift and nuclear relaxation is quantitatively restored. This establishes transverse relaxation as a critical parameter for describing nuclear spin dynamics in complex liquid metals, reinforcing NMR as a powerful local probe for optimizing next-generation liquid metal technologies.