Universal Structural Laws of Self-Bound Systems on Multiple Scales and Their Cosmological Implications

This paper realizes the theoretical determination of Newton's gravitational constant for the first time, ending the history of relying solely on experimental measurements for over three hundred years. In this paper, we systematically analyze the structural properties of all observed central-force self-bound steady-state systems, ranging from atoms to galaxy clusters, and induce three universal structural laws: hierarchical nesting, unique core dominance, and mass concentration towards the center. We find that the inverse-square mathematical consistency between Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation is the necessary physical basis for the formation of stable self-bound systems in both the microscopic world governed by electromagnetic force and the macroscopic world governed by gravity. This relationship also holds in the framework of general relativity and is a natural inheritance of the mass-energy source term in Einstein's field equations under the weak-field approximation. Based on these laws, we propose a falsifiable conjecture: if the observable universe itself is an evolved central-force self-bound steady-state system, it must follow the same structural laws, and thus may possess a unique supermassive central core. We further demonstrate that the traditional dark matter and dark energy models are in fundamental logical conflict with these three universal laws. Many unexplained observational contradictions in mainstream cosmology, such as the Hubble tension, large-scale structure anomalies, and the cosmic coincidence problem, provide motivation for exploring alternative cosmological frameworks. Finally, we present a series of clear and falsifiable quantitative predictions, and honestly discuss the main challenges currently facing this theory and future observational verification approaches.