Factories in the context of shared manufacturing: A comprehensive review of concept, runtime paradigm, and industrial case studies

The Shared Factory (SharedF) paradigm represents a transformative approach to manufacturing that enhances operational flexibility, resource efficiency, and collaborative capacity within shared manufacturing. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 936 peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025) to achieve three core objectives: establishing conceptual consensus on SharedF’s defining characteristics, identifying four critical research domains and examining technology integration patterns through industrial cases. Collectively, these evidence-based analyses provide implementable pathways for sustainable SharedF development.