Magnetic/photothermal dual-driven micro/nanorobots for synergistic NO-mediated photothermal thrombolysis

nanoparticles endowed the micro/nanorobots with magnetic responsiveness for precise directional targeting. β-Cyclodextrin (βCD) enhanced the loading capacity and biocompatibility of the NO donor BNN6 (N,N'-di-sec-butyl-N,N'-dinitroso-1,4-phenylene diamine), which underwent photothermal-induced thermal decomposition to release NO in situ, disrupting fibrin networks and synergistically boosting thrombolysis. The micro/nanorobots achieved a remarkable thrombolytic efficacy of up to 88.8%, significantly outperforming conventional drugs. Comprehensive hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays confirmed their excellent biocompatibility. This dual-driven, photothermal-gas synergistic micro/nanorobotic platform provides a novel and safe strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional thrombolysis, paving the way for advancing micro/nanorobotic thrombotic intervention.