Two‐Dimensionalizing and Light Programming of Soft Actuators Enable Adaptive Robots

ABSTRACT Modulating robot morphology and motion markedly enhances adaptability and task diversity, expanding functional range. Yet, designing adaptive robots that combine morphology‐driven actuation, self‐sensing, and deformation locking remains challenging. Inspired by organisms that actively reshape their bodies, we propose a strategy in which soft actuators undergo two‐dimensionalizing followed by light programming to achieve morphological and functional tuning. These actuators undergo large, reversible deformations under heat or light and sense their own deformation via resistance changes, without extra sensors. Light programming enables diverse deformation locking and complex shapes. Using this approach, we developed a series of functionally enhanced robots and applications, demonstrating its effectiveness. This strategy offers a feasible route for adaptive robots that integrate actuation, sensing, and locking, while broadening potential applications.