Molecular Spectrum of α-Thalassemia Mutations in Antalya, Türkiye and Their Relationship with Hematological Parameters

Background: Alpha-thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary hemoglobin disorders worldwide and is caused mainly by deletions in the α-globin gene cluster. Understanding the regional mutation spectrum is important for screening programs and genetic counseling. Methods: This retrospective study included 115 patients evaluated for suspected alpha-thalassemia in Antalya, Türkiye. Molecular analysis was performed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect deletions and duplications in the α-globin gene cluster. Hematological parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) fractions were analyzed and compared among mutation groups. Results: The most frequent mutation detected was the −α3.7 deletion followed by the (−α)20.5 deletion. Patients with compound heterozygous deletions demonstrated lower Hb, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin)_(MCH) values compared with other groups. Significant correlations were observed between Hb levels and red blood cell (RBC), MCV, and MCH, while red cell distribution width (RDW) showed an inverse relationship. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that −α3.7 and (−α)20.5 are the predominant α-globin gene variants in the Antalya region. These findings contribute to the characterization of the α-thalassemia mutation spectrum in a clinical cohort and may help improve carrier screening strategies, prenatal diagnosis programs, and genetic counseling services.