AI as a Human Right in an Era of Extreme Concentration

<p class="ql-align-justify">Artificial intelligence (AI) governance has rapidly become a critical geopolitical issue defining the twenty-first century, now dominating the global policy agenda. This study, through legal and policy analysis, delivers an exhaustive comparative analysis of three distinct regulatory strategies pioneered by major Western powers: the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Our findings confirm the EU as the world’s regulatory standard-setter through its landmark AI Act—a comprehensive, rights-centric, risk-based legal framework establishing binding obligations. Critically, a cross-cutting challenge threatens all three approaches: extreme concentration of computing control within the global AI ecosystem. This monopolistic trend—where a handful of corporations control computational resources, data, hardware, and talent—creates systemic risks to innovation, democratic accountability, and equitable benefit sharing. This analysis employs a critical policy framework that integrates computing concentration directly into the comparison, revealing how each model addresses, ignores, or exacerbates this structural imbalance. Our main contribution is to analyze extreme concentration of computing to consider AI as a human right, arguing for its applied democratization.</p>