Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus According to Diabetic Kidney Disease Stage: What Is the Target in Clinical Practice?
Background/Objectives: Low vitamin D (VD) has been associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, VD normality concentrations remain under discussion. Objectives: To evaluate VD concentrations in early and advanced DKD stages according to the Endocrine Society and Institute of Medicine standards in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional study included 80 patients with T2DM and DKD in early (urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) between 30 and 299 mg/g), group 1 (n = 29), and advanced stage (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g), group 2 (n = 51). Results: Compared to group 1, patients in group 2 showed lower 25(OH)D concentrations (26.7 ± 10.1 vs. 30.2 ± 8.0 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05). In group 2, when the serum VD concentrations were stratified according to the Endocrine Society, VD concentrations ≥ 30 ng/mL were associated with a considerably reduction in UACR compared with VD < 20 ng/mL (365.9 ± 268.3 vs. 937.6 ± 634 mg/g; p < 0.05), but not when compared to the range of 20–29.9 ng/mL (739.8 ± 1138 vs. 937.6 ± 634 mg/g; p = NS). Additionally, in this group, our regression model showed that each unit increase in VD was associated with a UACR reduction of 26.1 mg/g (R2 = 0.103; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher vitamin D concentrations were associated with improved UACR only in clinical DKD, particularly when VD was at least 30 ng/mL.
Authors
- Karem Miléo Felício (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9148-1465)
- Ana Regina Bastos Motta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-3350)
- Valéria Suênya Galvão Leal
- João Soares Felício (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-988X)
- Márcia Costa dos Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7451)
- Franciane Trindade Cunha de Melo
- Priscila Boaventura Barbosa de Figueiredo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-2931)
- Natércia Neves Marques de Queiroz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-6771)
- Ana Carolina Contente Braga de Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-1553)
- Mayana Batista Barros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-2707)
- Melissa de Sá Oliveira dos Reis
- Lilian de Souza D’Albuquerque Silva
- Alyne Maciel LOBATO
- Ana Clara Fleury da Fonseca Rodrigues (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3482-5524)
- Beatriz Dias Lobo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9293-7699)
- Inessa Silveira Bezerra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1961-9033)
- Lorena Vilhena De Moraes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-3579)
- Lícia Oliveira Ruivo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2403-4840)
- Alan Pinheiro Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4484-8693)
- Pedro Paulo Freire Piani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-2126)
- Maria Eduarda Nunes Avelar do Carmo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9324-0902)
- Isabel Jacob Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0996-3885)
- Paula Gabriella Costa da Penha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2847-0636)
Institutions
- Universidade Federal do Pará (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nutrients
- Published
- 2026-04-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091408
- Primary Topic
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00