Preexisting chronic infection skews the epigenetic landscape of subsequent memory CD8 T cell responses

) in mice with preexisting LCMV-CL13, a skewing that started in memory-precursor effector cells (MPECs) during the effector phase. Transcription-factor binding sites (TFBS) analyses highlighted the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family as major TFs implicated in this skewing. Thus, our results suggest that preexisting persistent inflammation skews the phenotypic and epigenetic landscape of subsequent memory responses, arguing for interventions to optimize vaccine-induced memory in hosts with preexisting chronic disease.