Mapping the evolution of ESG in the insurance sector: Anempirical bibliometric analysis of conceptual structures andregulatory-driven research dynamics

This study examines how the concept of sustainability, expressed through ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) principles, is reflected in academic research focused on the insurance sector. The study is based on a bibliometric analysis of 88 articles published between 2011 and 2024, using the Web of Science database and VOSviewer software. The results highlight a notable increase in academic interest after 2020, closely aligned with recent European sustainability regulations (CSRD, ESRS, EU Taxonomy, Solvency II, Omnibus I). The analysis identifies four main research directions: social responsibility, financial performance, corporate governance and risk management. The findings demonstrate that ESG has become a key analytical framework for understanding structural transformations in insurance, being increasingly used in assessing performance, regulatory compliance and long-term value. The study provides an empirical perspective on the mutual influence between academic research and public policies and highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches to support the transition to a more sustainable financial system.