Real‐World Treatment and Outcomes in Resectable Early‐Stage Non‐Small Cell Cancer: <scp>THASSOS</scp> ‐ <scp>INTL</scp> Australia Cohort

ABSTRACT Objectives Limited data exist on real‐world treatment strategies and their impact on survival in Australian patients with NSCLC. THASSOS‐INL (NCT04808050) evaluated the treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with early‐stage NSCLC. Methods Australia cohort of THASSOS‐INTL, non‐interventional, multicenter, retrospective study enrolled patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with stage IA‐IIIB resectable NSCLC between January 2013 and December 2017. The primary outcomes included treatment patterns and associated 3‐year survival rates. Secondary endpoints included clinico‐demographic characteristics and their association with overall survival (OS). Results Of 199 patients recruited (median [range] age: 67.0 [35.0–88.0] years), 53.8% were males, 87.4% were current smokers/ex‐smokers, and 52.2% had an ECOG score of ≤ 1. A total of 42.2% patients had stage I, 28.1% had stage II, and 29.6% had stage III NSCLC. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant (56.8%) histological subtype. Overall, 97.0% patients underwent surgery. Neoadjuvant therapy was reported in 9.5%; adjuvant therapy was reported in 39.2%. The overall median OS was 6.0 years (95% CI: 5.200 NE) with a median 3 year survival probability rate of 70.5% (95% CI: 64.4%–77.2%). Age, increasing stages of NSCLC, disease progression, and EGFR mutations were associated with significant worsening of OS. Conclusions The study underscores the diverse treatment approaches prior to approval of immuno‐targeted therapy, showing that fewer than half of the patients received AT with only a quarter of those receiving adjuvant ST. The study highlights the need for integrating molecular diagnostics, improving access to novel therapies, and a multidisciplinary team approach to improve survival in these patients.