Pharmacological Effects and Development Prospects of the Main Active Compounds of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews in the Treatment of Panvascular Diseases

Panvascular diseases are complex, with systemic vascular system damage as the common pathological basis. The pathogenesis of panvascular diseases is closely related to vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis, posing a serious threat to human health. The Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews (P. suffruticosa), a type of medicinal peony, is one of the Standard Chinese medicinal herbs included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The root bark, leaves, petals, pollen, seeds, and follicles of P. suffruticosa are rich in various active compounds, including paeonol, paeoniflorin, and α-linolenic acid. Modern studies have demonstrated that these compounds exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including vascular endothelial protection, lipid metabolism regulation, antiplatelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic effects. Furthermore, their mechanisms of action are highly consistent with the key pathological processes of panvascular diseases, indicating that P. suffruticosa has important value in the prevention and treatment of such diseases. The information involved in the study was gathered from a variety of electronic resources, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Google Scholar. The retrieval period was from 1999 to 2025. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active compounds of P. suffruticosa on panvascular diseases, providing a theoretical reference for the in-depth development and utilization of P. suffruticosa resources and the development of innovative drugs for preventing and treating panvascular diseases.