Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and its association with systemic risk factors

Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and identify measurable risk factors strongly associated with ARMD, aiding clinicians in implementing preventive interventions. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients aged 50 years and older were enrolled. Data collection was done using a structured case record form. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse demographic and clinical variables, and logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the associations between risk factors and ARMD. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 500 participants, 56 cases of ARMD were identified, indicating a prevalence of 11.2%. The prevalence was slightly higher in males (12.1%) compared to females (10.2%). Statistically Significant associations were observed between ARMD and risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, high body mass index and smoking. Age, alcohol use and tobacco chewing do not show a statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study highlights an 11.2% prevalence of ARMD in the elderly. The study emphasises the urgent need for targeted screening, risk factor modification and early intervention strategies tailored to the regional demographic. Enhanced public health initiatives and clinician awareness are essential to reduce the burden of ARMD-related visual impairment and improve the quality of life for the elderly population in western Gujarat.