Exosome Therapy for Livedoid Vasculitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report

Livedoid vasculitis is a vascular autoimmune disorder affecting the skin. It most commonly occurs in young women. The occurrence of this condition after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is rare. The available literature suggests limited use of exosomes in the treatment of livedoid vasculitis. We present the case of a 65-year-old Chinese man who developed livedoid vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccination. We posit that the etiology in this case may be either COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune stimulation or activation of the condition by a rare vaccine component. This case is unique, with no previously reported precedents. The patient was treated intravenously for 1 month with stem cell-derived exosome therapy, using stem cells derived from exfoliated human deciduous teeth. This resulted in improvement in the livedoid vasculitis, with no reemergence of symptoms. This case highlights the therapeutic benefits of exosome treatment for livedoid vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccination. However, large-scale studies are needed before this outcome can be generalized.