Organic vs. Synthetic Attention: Evaluating the Utility of Eye Tracking Augmentation in Recommender Systems

Eye-Tracking (ET) has recently gained popularity in Recommender Systems (RS) as a source of implicit feedback, effectively linking user attention to product saliency. However, leveraging user visual behaviour for recommendations does not scale due to the large volumes of ET data required to train RS models and the need for specialized equipment. This work investigates the extent to which state-of-the-art ET generative models can effectively mimic user information foraging behaviour in query-driven, search-recommendation tasks, as well as augment organic datasets with synthetic data for use in ET-based RS. We benchmark saliency and scan-path generators under task context, evaluating aggregate and individual saliency metrics and testing whether synthetic ET preserves category-sensitive gaze differences observed in humans. Our findings demonstrate that synthetic ET reproduces aggregate attention but fails to capture the search dynamics observed in organic data. Individual-level predictive accuracy remains low, with moderate improvements from fine-tuning and leave-one-out training, indicating data limitations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
Published
2026-05-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1145/3803541
Primary Topic
Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Organic vs. Synthetic Attention: Evaluating the Utility of Eye Tracking Augmentation in Recommender Systems

Georgios Koutroumpas, Joemon M. Jose, Matteo Mazzini, Ioannis Arapakis et al.
Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques
Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
article

Organic vs. Synthetic Attention: Evaluating the Utility of Eye Tracking Augmentation in Recommender Systems

Georgios Koutroumpas, Joemon M. Jose, Matteo Mazzini, Ioannis Arapakis, Mireia Masias Bruns, Sebastian Idesis, Sergi Abadal
article en

Abstract

Eye-Tracking (ET) has recently gained popularity in Recommender Systems (RS) as a source of implicit feedback, effectively linking user attention to product saliency. However, leveraging user visual behaviour for recommendations does not scale due to the large volumes of ET data required to train RS models and the need for specialized equipment. This work investigates the extent to which state-of-the-art ET generative models can effectively mimic user information foraging behaviour in query-driven, search-recommendation tasks, as well as augment organic datasets with synthetic data for use in ET-based RS. We benchmark saliency and scan-path generators under task context, evaluating aggregate and individual saliency metrics and testing whether synthetic ET preserves category-sensitive gaze differences observed in humans. Our findings demonstrate that synthetic ET reproduces aggregate attention but fails to capture the search dynamics observed in organic data. Individual-level predictive accuracy remains low, with moderate improvements from fine-tuning and leave-one-out training, indicating data limitations.

Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive TechniquesVol. 9(2)
University of Padua (IT), Telefónica (United Kingdom) (GB), Telefonica (Germany) (DE), Telefonica Research and Development (ES), University of Glasgow (GB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
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Organic vs. Synthetic Attention: Evaluating the Utility of Eye Tracking Augmentation in Recommender Systems — Georgios Koutroumpas, Joemon M. Jose, et al. · Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS