Experimental investigation on biofouling marine bryozoans in reefs

Abstract The natural colonisation of organisms on submerged sea surfaces is known as marine biofouling, and it presents challenges to both the environment and management organisations. Bryozoans play an important role in the creation of ecosystems and the preservation of biodiversity. Parasmittina projecta and Celleporaria aperta were found to be the most common species of marine bryozoans that encrusted on ceramic and terracotta plates, according to the present study conducted in the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve at Pamban, Vedalai, Manouli, and Ervadi Islands. On the other hand, Parasmittina tubula and Electra pilosa were found to be less common. No bryozoan colonies developed on the metal panels; however, these panels exhibited substantial abiotic corrosion caused by prolonged exposure to seawater, which may have inhibited bryozoan settlement. The present investigation lasted for a year and identified ten different bryozoan species with P. projecta being the most prevalent. Submerged panels formed microhabitats that supported a variety of marine organisms, while competent species overgrew and displaced less competent ones. This study highlights the positive role of biofouling bryozoans in sustaining biodiversity, facilitating macro-fouler settlement, acting as reef-forming agents, and providing benefits for fisheries, underwater recreational activities, ecotourism, and disaster management.