Addictive Behaviors During the 2022 FIFA World Cup: A Qualitative Study of Patients and Healthcare Staff at a Substance Use Disorder Facility

Background: Mega-events like the FIFA World Cup (FWC) present unique and substantial challenges for individuals in recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs), primarily by increasing the risk of relapse. We employed a qualitative design using reflexive thematic analysis to explore the behavior of patients with SUDs during the 2022 FWC and to evaluate institutional strategies for mitigating related risks. Methods: We purposively sampled 32 participants who were present at the Naufar Center during the 2022 FWC: (i) thirteen adult patients with SUDs who were receiving treatment, and (ii) nineteen healthcare practitioners. Semi-structured patient interviews were conducted, and focus group discussions were held with a multidisciplinary team, including psychologists, nurses, and physicians. Individuals’ experiences regarding patterns in substance use behavior, environmental triggers, and the effects of institutional interventions were examined. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns, risks, and effective strategies. Results: Most patients maintained abstinence and only had cravings for alcohol. Triggers included public celebrations, emotional excitement, and the increased availability of addictive substances. Psychologists and physicians reported signs of behavioral destabilization; nurses observed some behavioral changes and noted logistical challenges. The participants acknowledged the supportive measures provided by Naufar, including the accessibility of clinical services, individualized therapy, social and recreational programming, and protective fan zones, which enabled them to participate in various activities during the event. Conclusions: The 2022 FWC created considerable psychological and environmental triggers for high exposure to alcohol and other substances. The supportive structured activities and tailored interventions were helpful in mitigating the risk of relapse, maintaining treatment engagement and ensuring recovery. Further research is required to explore the implications for recovery-oriented practices during culturally and socially high-risk events.