Evolution of IgE sensitization profiles to Artemisia pollen allergens in the allergic pediatric population

Objective: pollen allergens influence immunological sensitization in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: pollen allergens were identified using mass spectrometry, with subsequent validation through recombinant allergen purification. Comprehensive pattern analysis revealed distinct sensitization profiles within the study cohort. Results: pollen as the predominant summer-autumn aeroallergen in Hohhot, with major allergenic components Art an 7 (69.01%), Art an 4 (56.14%), Art an 1 (18.71%), and Art an 3 (13.45%). Pediatric IgE sensitization profiles demonstrated marked heterogeneity. Monomolecular analysis revealed age-stratified dominance: 94.29% of children aged ≤6 years and 85.71% of those aged 7-14 years exhibited primary sensitization to either Art an 7 or Art an 4. Moreover, both dual- and multi-component sensitization patterns predominantly involved co-recognition of Art an 7 and/or Art an 4. Conclusions: We propose 2 distinct sensitization trajectories: (A) initial IgE priming by Art an 7 and/or Art an 4 in early childhood, and (B) subsequent molecular spreading to Art an 1 and/or Art an 3 with immunological maturation. These findings established optimal therapeutic window for immune tolerance.