A Comprehensive Review of Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery: Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Innovations

Abstract Spine surgery has evolved from manual, highly variable procedures to standardized, reproducible approaches with advancements in robotic-assisted spine surgery (RSS). As these technologies are developed further, procedural complexity may increase along with safety and efficacy profiles. This article provides an updated overview of the landscape of robotic-assisted spine surgery, including clinical applications, technological developments, reported benefits, limitations, and future directions for integration into modern spine practice.