Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications in Neurological Diseases

Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. Therefore, alleviating neuroinflammation has become a core therapeutic strategy for these disorders. In recent years, neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation has shown remarkable advantages and broad prospects in the treatment of neurological diseases. This narrative review systematically summarizes research progress over the past decade on how NSPC transplantation ameliorates neurological deficits by regulating neuroinflammation-related signaling pathways, and compares the shared mechanisms and disease-specific differences. In addition, we discuss the key bottlenecks limiting the clinical translation of NSPC transplantation and propose future research directions. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights NSPC transplantation as a compelling candidate intervention for multiple neurological disorders.