An Integrated Workflow from Reality-Based Survey to HBIM and Immersive Reconstruction: The Aeclanum Archaeological Park

Archaeological sites present critical issues related to fragmented documentation systems, the difficulty of integrating stratigraphic analyses with three-dimensional survey data, and the lack of digital tools capable of connecting scientific documentation, conservation needs, and public dissemination. This study proposes an integrated digital workflow for the archaeological park of Aeclanum, in which reality-based multi-scale survey data are transformed into an HBIM model structured through stratigraphic interpretation, material analysis, and semantically organised information. The resulting three-dimensional dataset supports the subsequent Scan-to-BIM process, ensuring consistency between the digital representation and the existing remains. Within this framework, the HBIM model is conceived not only as a geometric representation of the current state, but also as an information environment incorporating data on construction techniques, materials, and decay conditions, thus providing a basis for conservation-oriented assessment and future intervention priorities. At the same time, the model supports digital reconstruction hypotheses consistent with archaeological evidence, later developed within an immersive environment that allows visitors to compare the present condition of the site with its reconstructed historical configuration. The workflow highlights the potential of HBIM as an interface between survey, knowledge organisation, conservation support, and digital enhancement.