Neurobiological foundations of psychosomatic disorders

Traditional methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot explain the complex interaction between biological and psychopathological factors involved in the development of psychosomatic pathology. This leads to an insufficient understanding of the pathogenetic pathways of its formation and, consequently, to incomplete therapeutic effectiveness. This review analyzes the fundamental biological basis of the development of psychosomatic disorders involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to a better understanding of key pathogenic factors and the optimization of treatment strategies.