Engineering smart hydrocolloid packaging using mushroom-derived polysaccharides for food safety and shelf-life enhancement

The increasing demand for biodegradable and eco-friendly packaging has accelerated interest in natural biopolymers for sustainable food systems and mushroom-derived polysaccharides, rich in β-glucans, chitin, and heteropolysaccharides, exhibit excellent film-forming ability, biodegradability, and inherent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this review critically explores the engineering of smart hydrocolloid packaging systems based on mushroom polysaccharides, emphasizing extraction techniques, molecular architecture, and structure–property relationships influencing film performance. It discusses formulation strategies, physicochemical characteristics, and the incorporation of functional bioactive and enzymes to enhance activity. The compatibility of these films with pH-sensitive dyes, gas indicators, and enzyme-based sensors highlights their potential in intelligent packaging applications. Characterization studies demonstrate promising mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, though challenges related to scalability and cost remain. Advanced processing approaches, including extrusion and electrospinning, improve industrial feasibility. Overall, mushroom polysaccharide-based films offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics, supporting food safety, shelf-life extension, and circular bioeconomy objectives. • Functional properties are enhanced by incorporating natural bioactives. • Suitable for intelligent packaging and real-time spoilage monitoring. • Films show good mechanical, thermal, and barrier performance. • Eco-friendly alternatives supporting circular bioeconomy goals.