A Review on the Extraction, Purification, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruits

Elaeagnus angustifolia L., belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae and genus Elaeagnus, which is a medicinal and edible homologous material with significant economic and ecological value. Its polysaccharides are one of its key active components, exhibiting bioactivities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti-fatigue, and hypolipidemic effects. This paper reviews the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural features, and bioactivities of E. angustifolia polysaccharides, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for their high-value development and utilization.