Plasma membrane invaginations and their diverse cellular functions

The plasma membrane (PM), a dynamic boundary between a cell and its environment, has a complex inner architecture that includes diverse subcellular structures. Among these, PM invaginations (membrane infolds) exhibit varied morphologies and functions. This review explores the structural diversity and physiological roles of PM invaginations, emphasizing their importance in regulating cellular processes in complex organisms. We describe their presence and significance in diverse cell types and organisms. Understanding these specialized structures offers deeper insight into cellular organization and function, highlighting their indispensable role in sustaining biological activity.