Empowering Coastal Communities: A Strategic Framework for Volunteer Integration in Maritime Search and Rescue Operations

The integration of volunteers into coastal Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in Croatia is analysed through a strategic framework aligned with established practices within the Norwegian SAR system. Although Croatia formally recognises volunteer involvement in its maritime legislation, the absence of practical structures—such as standardized training, formal protocols, and coordination mechanisms—limits effective participation. Building on successful elements from the Norwegian model, the proposed framework, adapted to Croatian conditions, is designed to strengthen SAR performance by improving response times, expanding coverage, and drawing on local knowledge. The study employs a qualitative comparative case study design structured around a cross-national analytical framework, providing an evidence-based analysis of the gap between legislative recognition and operational implementation of volunteer SAR integration. The findings identify the institutional conditions under which volunteer integration becomes operationally viable, and offer a transferable framework for coastal states facing similar challenges.