Influence of rhythmic music game intervention on executive function and sensorimotor ability of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of rhythmic music game–based intervention in improving executive functions and sensorimotor abilities among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), thereby providing evidence-based support for non-pharmacological interventions and promoting children’s health. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 64 children diagnosed with ADHD, who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group ( n = 32) or a control group ( n = 32). The control group received routine health education, while the intervention group additionally participated in an 8-week rhythmic music game program delivered via tablet devices, consisting of three 40-min sessions per week that included tasks such as beat synchronization and rhythm creation. Executive function and sensorimotor abilities were assessed before and after the intervention using the Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (TGMD-3). At the same time, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale (ARS-5) was used to evaluate the severity of the core symptoms of ADHD in children. Results In the intervention group, post-intervention assessments showed significant reductions in SCWT word-meaning interference errors ( p < 0.001) and shorter completion times on TMT Part B ( p < 0.001). The total score of ARS-5 scale and the scores of each dimension decreased significantly ( p < 0.001). TGMD-3 total scores also significantly improved ( p < 0.001), particularly in the locomotor and object-control subdomains reflecting coordination ability ( p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group across any measures ( p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons of pre-post differences revealed statistically significant effects favoring the intervention group ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Rhythmic music game intervention effectively enhances inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and sensorimotor coordination in children with ADHD. Given its engaging nature and accessibility, it holds promise as a valuable component within multidisciplinary intervention strategies, offering a practical approach to supporting the healthy development of children with ADHD.