Loss of Chromosome Y Associates With Altered Immune Cell Trajectories and X‐Inactivation Features

), consistent with previous observations that LOY-associated macrophages are polarized toward a fibrotic rather than inflammatory phenotype in cardiac and pulmonary injury. Notably, we detected aberrant expression of XIST, the essential X-chromosome-inactivation lncRNA that is not normally expressed in males, and upregulation of genes known to escape X-inactivation, including male-biased cancer-related genes KDM6A, DDX3X, KDM5C, and ZRSR2. Our results indicate associations between LOY and cell type-specific transcriptional changes, including aberrant X-inactivation features.