Advancing personalized DNA vaccines: opportunities, challenges, and combination strategies

“The key to unlocking the full potential lies in determining the reason for the failure in 60% of patients who do not benefit.”Jokūbas Leikauskas, Editor, Nucleic Acid Insights, speaks to Christian Ottensmeier, Professor of Immunooncology, University of Liverpool, about the scientific rationale, clinical potential, and practical challenges of developing personalized DNA vaccines for non-small cell lung cancer, including their immunological basis, manufacturing and regulatory hurdles, integration with existing immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, and the key biological questions that must be addressed to improve patient outcomes in solid tumors.