Influencing factors of reproductive concerns in reproductive-aged male patients with cancer: a systematic review

Objectives Advancements in medical technology have significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes, enabling an increasing number of patients to survive long-term post-treatment. However, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery frequently cause varying degrees of damage to the male reproductive system, which affects fertility and leads to varying degrees of reproductive concerns in patients. This study aimed to review the current state and factors influencing reproductive concerns in reproductive-aged male patients with cancer, explore potential support requirements for this population, and lay the theoretical foundation for formulating individualized intervention measures. Methods A systematic literature search of databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan-fang data, and VIP) was conducted from their inception to December 2024. Results The final analysis included 15 studies involving 2,741 patients. The summary indicates that reproductive concerns among reproductive-aged male patients with cancer are moderately elevated, leading to negative emotions, including anxiety and depression. The reproductive concerns of these patients are predominantly influenced by six factors: sociodemographic factors, cancer and related treatments, reproduction and fertility, the quality of social relationships, fertility preservation, and psychological factors. Conclusion Reproductive-aged male patients with cancer commonly experience moderately high levels of reproductive concerns. Prolonged exposure to moderate-to-high levels of reproductive concerns is associated with the onset of mental health issues and the potential adverse impact on cancer treatment. Therefore, clinical healthcare providers must address these specific psychological challenges, intervene in existing reproductive concerns, and assist patients in better accepting and adapting to cancer and related treatments. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024565381 , Identifier, CRD42024565381.